2021年六章汉英句子翻译技巧下.ppt

7. 无主句译法
Chinese and English have different systems of subjects and predicates. Subjects in English are usually assumed by nouns, noun phrases or structures that have similar functions like nominal clauses, but in Chinese by a lot of other elements. The following is a list of the elements that act as subjects in Chinese. More can be got in the Note.
nouns or noun phrases as subjects
春天过去了。一本五毛钱。工业和农业得到了大发展。长江一带是水稻产区。
(2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects
说比做容易。坚持下去就是顺利。专心地听才能听懂。 吃苦，他不怕。
(3) Adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects
勤俭是一种美德。甜滋滋的，挺好吃。
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六章汉英句子翻译技巧下
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A. Adding subjects:
Since an English sentence usually requires a subject, the translator can add the subject that is omitted in the Chinese original when he translates a Chinese subjectless sentence. For instance,
(1) 你一旦开始，就必须继续下去。
Once you begin, you must continue. （amplification)
(2)活到老，学到老。
One is never too old to learn.
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六章汉英句子翻译技巧下
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B. Using the empty subject “it”:
“It” in English is always used for weather, time, and some other natural phenomena. Some of the Chinese subjectless sentences describing natural phenomena or time can be translated into English sentences with “it” being the subject.
(3) 十点钟了，他还没有回来。
It's ten o'clock now. He didn't return home yet.
(4) 下雨了，我们快走吧。
It's raining now; let's hurry up.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
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六章汉英句子翻译技巧下
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C. Translating into English passive sentences
(5).必须保重产品质量。
The quality of product must be guaranteed.
(6). 去年发现了一种稀有元素。
A rare element was found last year.
(7).封面上印着一个猎人的像。
The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover.
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六章汉英句子翻译技巧下
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D. Translating into English “There be” or “It+be…+to…” structure
(9). 现在很难说谁对谁错。
At the moment it is difficult to tell who is right and who is wrong.
(10).除了枪声，再没有其他声音了。
There was no sound but that of gunfire.
(11).在经济建设的实践中，已经涌现了大批的优秀人才。
There have emerged a large number of talented persons in economic construction.
(12).不努力就不会成功。
There is no success without effort.
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