汉英翻译句子翻译.ppt

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汉英翻译汉英
第一章句子翻译
11汉英句子的对比
111句子的概念
汉语句子强调语义,表示语义终止
的标点符号根据句子的语义和语气来确定,具有突出的以
意统形的特点。
英语句子的定义是, A sentence is a group of words
which, when they are written down, begin with a capita
letter and end with a full stop, question mark, or
exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and
a verb

1)汉语句子和英语句子都分为陈述句、感叹句、祈使
句和疑问句。
汉语句子分类突出的是句子的语气和用途。
英语句子划分首先决定于形,强调其形式特征之后,相
关的话语功能才得到陈述。
陈述句:告诉别人一件事的句子。
感叹句:抒发某种强烈感情的句子。
祈使句:表示命令和请求的句子。
疑问句:提出问题的句子。
Declaratives are sentences in which the subject is present and generally
precedes the verb. They are used to convey information
Interrogatives are sentences which are formally marked in one of two ways
yes-no interrogatives and wh-interrogatives. They are used to seek
information on a special point
Imperatives are sentences which usually have no overt grammatical subject,
and whose verb has the base form. they are used to instruct sb to do sth
Exclamatives are sentences which have an initial phrase introduced by what
or how, usually with subject-verb order. They are used for expressing the
extent to which the speaker is impressed by something
2)汉语句子按结构分,比较复杂。
在汉语语法体系中,有语素,词,短语,小句,复句,句群,句
子语气。其中起主导作用的语言单位,就是小句。小句是“最小的
能够独立表达一个意思的一个语法单位。一个语素,一个词,或者
个短语,都会成为小句"。小句也是其它所有语法实体的联络中
小句特点:第一,表述性,表明一个意旨,体现一个意图。第
,独立性,它不包含在另一个小句中。第三,它是最小的表述性
语法单位。
阳光灿烂。
Bright sunshine
词主谓短语油漆未干。
pal
或名词短语快乐的时刻
Happy moments
短词短语向雷锋同志学****Learn from Comrade Lei fer吗g
语
勿踏草地
构形容词短美极了。
It's very beautiful
成语
非常干净,
ery cl
的介宾短語从州。(来自广州) From Guangzhou
句复指短活爽语老师张红, English teacher Zhanghong
词(词素)注意!
Attention
Rainbow
小句因某种关系与其它小句合用,生成复句
例子:王明是男孩,张薇是女孩,他们都在四班。( Wang Ming
is a boy and Zhang Wei is a girl. Both of them are in Class Four.
虽然他脾气急躁,但心眼却挺好。( Although he is short
tempered, he is kind-hearted.
汉语复句包括联合,偏正和补充复句。翻译时需要适当调整句式。
英语句子按结构也可分为简单句和复杂句。中但是,无论句式
如何变化其基本句型也只有七种。
☆ subject+Verb
☆ subject+verb +object
8 subject +verb+complement
4 subje