大学英语翻译教程-第六讲.ppt

第六讲翻译技巧(二):词类转换
Contents
转换成汉语动词
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转换成汉语名词
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转换成汉语形容词
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转换成汉语副词
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在忠实于原文的前提下,根据译入语的行文****惯,适当进行词类转换(即将原文中属于某种词类的词译成译语的另一类词),能使译文通顺达意、自然流畅。
(1) Those small factories are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of raw materials.
原译:那些小厂还是原材料极大的消耗者和浪费者。
(2) My clothes are a witness to my poverty.
原译:我的衣服是我贫穷的目击者。
词类转换不啻能使译文自然流畅、纯正地道,而且有时是翻译得以进行所必须采用的手法。
(3) Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.
水银的比重是水的十三倍。
(4) The puter features high efficiency, great reliability and low cost.
新型计算机的特点是效率高、可靠性强、成本低廉。
词类转换是英汉翻译中不可或缺的变通手段,是突破原文词性束缚、避免貌合神离的硬译死译,使译文准确、通顺、易懂的有效方法。
并不意味着词类转换可以随心所欲,而必须遵循忠实于原文意义、使译文自然流畅、通顺易懂的原则。
转换成汉语动词
英语动词远比汉语动词用得少。一个英语句子(单句)往往只用一个限定性动词作谓语,而在一个汉语句子中却可以出现几个动词。
(5) For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.
我们在二十年中坐视原材料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。
名词转译成动词
名词转译成动词
英语中许多含有动作意义的名词和由动词派生的名词以及其他一些名词经常可以转译成汉语的动词。
具有动作含义的名词转译成动词
(6) He was accused of neglect of his duties.
(7) The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
名词转译成动词
(8) Wherever you go, there are signs of human presence.
(9) A glance through his office offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial.
(10) A study of the letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.
(11) The tests indicate that a countercurrent flow of gases and solids is necessary in the reactor.
名词转译成动词
动名词和由动词派生的名词往往转译成动词
(12) No other changes occur upon mixing the pounds
(13) In handling the materials of history, each act of selection is also an act of judgment.
(14) The engine has given a constantly good performance.
(15) Military bases are a serious obstacle to the achievement of independence by the colonial people.