大学英语翻译教程-第八讲.ppt

第8讲翻译技巧(四) -增词法
增词法(亦称增补法或增益法):指在英汉翻译中适当增加原文中无其形而有其义的词语,以使译文自然通顺,完整、贴切地表达原文的思想内容。
(1)ess is often just an idea away.
原译:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。
改译:成功与否往往只是一念之差。
(2)The dust, the uproar and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos.
原译:烟尘、喧闹声和渐浓的夜色使一切都陷入混乱之中。
改译:烟尘滚滚,人声嘈杂,夜色愈浓,一切都陷入混乱之中。
运用增词法的两种主要情况:
英文原文中由于语法原因省略的词语
英语原文中未明确表达的隐含意义
运用增词法的两种主要类型
增补原文中省略的词语
增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语
Contents
增补原文中省略的词语
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增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语
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增补回答句中省略的词语
增补并列句中省略的词语
增补复合句中省略的词语
增补回答句中省略的词语
在回答英语一般疑问句时,通常采用省略句。汉译时,为了使表达清楚、意思完整,有时需要增补省却的词语。如:
(3) Are you hungry? Not very.
(4) Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopaedia? Both, please.
(5) When are they due to arrive? In about two hours.
(6) Can energy be changed from one form into another? Yes, it can.
增补并列句中省略的词语
在英语并列句中,假若后面分句中有与前面分句相同的部分,经常予以省略,以避免重复。汉译时为了使译文句子意思完整,表达通顺,往往需要增补所省略的词语。如:
(7) She majors in psychology and her brother in sociology.
(8) A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
(9)We won’t retreat; we never have and never will.
增补并列句中省略的词语
(10) The total amount of solution added is not important, but the amount of solute is.
(11) All bodies consist of molecules and molecules of atoms.
(12) Ice is the solid state, water the liquid state, and water vapor the gaseous state.
(13) It’s more expensive than it was last time but not as good.
(14) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

英语复合句中的省略比起并列句中的省略情况更为复杂。究竟哪些成分应予以增补,主要视具体情况根据汉语的表达****惯而定。如:
(15) I’ll have the letter photocopied if necessary. (不需增补)
如果必要我可以请人把这封信复印一下。
Internal defects in the specimen, if any, can be detected by ultrasonic waves.(需增补)
样品内部的毛病,如果有的话,可以用超声波检查出来