国际贸易学（英）第5章 Factor Endowments.ppt

INTERNATIONALTRADE经济学院柳哲Chapter5FactorEndowmentsandthe(要素禀赋说)Heckscher-OhlinTheory(赫克雪尔-俄林定理)Chapter5FactorEndowmentsandthe(要素禀赋说)Heckscher-OhlinTheory(赫克雪尔-俄林定理)(TradeModelExtensionsandapplications),Heckscherpublished“e”In1933Ohlinpublished“InterregionalandInternationalTrade”(1)twonations,modities(X,Y),andtwofactorsofproduction(labor,capital)(2)Bothnationsusethesametechnologyinproduction;modityislaborintensiveinbothnationsX---laborintensive;Y----capitalintensive(4)Constantreturnstoscale;(5)pletespecializationinproduction;(6)Equaltastesinbothnations;(8)Perfectinternalbutnointernationalmobilityoffactor;moditiesandfactormarkets;Notransportationcosts,tariffs,orotherobstructionstothefreeflowofinternationaltrade;(10)Allresourcesarefullyemployed;(11),Factorabundance,-laborratio(K/L)usedintheproductionofYisgreaterthanK/LusedintheproductionofX(isnottheabsoluteamountofKandL.)InNation1,K/LinX:1/4inY:1So,XisL-modity;YisK-intensiveInNation2,K/LinX:1inY:4So,XisL-modity,YisK-intensiveTheobviousquestionis:WhydoesNation2usemoreK-moditiesthanNation1?WhyiscapitalrelativelycheaperinNation2?:>TK1/:=r/wr:interestrate;w:wagerateNation2iscapitalabundantifPK2/PL2<PK1/PL1orr2/w2<r1/-abundantnation;XistheL-modityNation2So,-