维吾尔《十二木卡姆》音列的研究.pdf

新疆师范大学硕士学位论文 I 中文摘要本文从已出版发行的三版维吾尔《十二木卡姆》中择取第二版本为研究对象,以民族音乐学的实证方法,运用当前较为先进的测音技术,对构成维吾尔《十二木卡姆》基础音列的乐音进行了实时音高的测量,归纳出构成其音列的音级特征如下:1、《十二木卡姆》音列中乐音所在的音级一般不少于七个。2、在各个音级中,Ⅰ级和Ⅳ级音最为稳定,Ⅴ级、Ⅶ级和Ⅱ级、Ⅵ级相对不稳定,最不稳定的音级是Ⅲ级。3、四分音、中立音大量存在,以半升形态居多,多出现在Ⅲ级、Ⅴ级和Ⅶ级上。4、游移音分三种情况——伴随四分音出现;在Ⅲ级、Ⅵ级、Ⅶ级这些特定音级上出现;在下行旋律中出现。它们的游移范围通常在小二度之内,最大的游移可达小三度,游移特征以自高到低居多。5、音级的稳定情况、四分音和游移音的位置等都与调首音有关。进而分析了形成以上音列特征的原因有四分音律、音列的游移、调式变化、旋律中乐音本身的功能、演员可能存在的音准性问题以及维吾尔人潜在的审美意识等等。 关键词:音列 测音 调首音 四分中立音 游移音 新疆师范大学硕士学位论文 II Tone row’s study of the Uyghur Twelve Mukam Abstract This paper chooses the 2nd version from the three issued Twelve Mukam of Uyghur versions as the research subject, using the demonstrative method of ethnomusicology and the advanced prevailing sound-measuring technology, measures the realtime pitches of tones that make up the basic tone rows of the Twelve Mukam of Uyghur, and concludes its characteristics of the tone degrees as follows: 1. In the tone rows of Twelve Mukam, the tone generally has no less than seven tone degrees. 2. In each tone degree, degree I and degree IV are the most stable ones while degree III is the most unstable one. Degree V,degree VII,degree Ⅱ and degree VI are relatively unstable. 3. There are a large number of one quarter tones and neutral tones and they mostly appear in degree III, degree V and degree VII with the form of semi-sharp. 4. Moving tones fall into three categories: appearing together with one quarter tones; appearing in the specified degree III, VI and VII; appearing in the downward melody. Generally, they move within the range of minor second, they reach minor third at most. And most of them move from the higher to the lower. 5. Both the stability of tone degree and the positions of one-quarter tones and the moving tones have relation with the first tone of the mode. And the following aspects form the tone 新疆师范大学硕士学位论文 III rows' characteristics above: one-quarter tone; moving of tone rows; change of mode;function of tone in melody; tone accuracy of actors and the po