油井水力深穿透射孔系统性能分析与研究.pdf

华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
油井水力深穿透射孔系统性能分析与研究
姓名:张友军
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:机械设计及理论
指导教师:杨家军
20050428
摘要
水力深穿透射孔技术是一种利用水压机构在套管上以冲孔或钻孔的方式开窗,利
用高压水射流在地层中钻孔,从而实现井筒与地层间有效连通,达到油气生产井增产
的新技术。该技术可为特殊油藏的经济开发提供手段,对中后期的油气田提高采收率,
稳产增产、节能降耗具有重要意义。
本文以模块化设计方法为基础,对系统进行了功能分析、模块划分和模块设计,
通过模块组合实现了系统总体方案。建立了套管冲孔系统模型,分析研究了套管冲孔
机理、冲孔机构的核心部件(冲头)的结构性能和套管冲孔开口的受力与变形过程,
用有限元方法对系统的安全环节结构进行了验算,并结合实际工作环境分析了套管冲
孔系统的稳定性,为系统的分析和设计奠定了理论基础。本文从水射流钻孔机理入手,
分析研究了旋流和多孔两种喷嘴射流的钻孔性能,提出了射流水力参数和喷嘴结构参
数的设计方法。通过建立钻进过程中喷管各段在不同约束下的受力模型,对喷管发生
失稳、正弦压曲和螺旋压曲、死锁等现象的机理进行分析,导出了喷管轴向力、接触
正压力和摩擦力的计算公式,建立了钻速模型,提出了稳定钻速的措施。采用了电磁
孔深检测的新方法,对水力深穿透射孔深度进行检测。研究了水力深穿透射孔的施工
装备、施工工艺和射孔作业程序以及水力深穿透射孔效果的评价方法等。
通过试验与应用初步验证,本文的研究成果应用效果良好,将为油气田的开发带
来显著的经济效益。


关键词:油井水力深穿透射孔模块化设计有限元孔深检测
I
Abstract
Water-jet deep rating perforating technology is a new technology which adopts
hydraulic machine to punch through the casing and high pressure water-jet to rate the
oil formation, to contact between the hole and the formation, in order to achieve the purpose
of increasing production. The technology is a new way of economic development for a
variety of special reservoirs, can improve oil production of old oil fields and also can lower
the cost of production.
In the paper, on the basis of module method, the system is analyzed with function,
divided into modules which are plished using conceptual design, and the total scheme
is realized by bination. By means of setting up casing punching system model,
analyzing casing punching mechanism, studying the performance of the punch which is the
core part of the casing punching system, analyzing the process of stress and distortion of the
casing punching cracks, verifying the safety structure using finite element analysis method,
combining real work environment with an analysis of stability of the system, a theoretic
basis for analysis and design of the system is provided. The drilling performance of rotating
flow nozzle and multiple-hole nozzle is analyzed ba