支气管哮喘哮喘.ppt

Bronchial Asthma (Asthma)
支气管哮喘
（哮喘）
支气管哮喘哮喘
I. Epidemiology 流行病学
A very common disease 哮喘为常见病
USA 5% 美国 5％
China % - % % - %
Prevalence is increasing worldwide
全球范围内该病的患病率在上升
支气管哮喘哮喘
II. Definition 定义
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The chronic inflammation causes an associated airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment.
支气管哮喘哮喘
Key Points
Chronic airway inflammation 气道慢性炎症
Airway hyperresponsiveness 气道高反应性
Reversible airflow obstruction 可逆性气道狭窄
Symptoms: 症状
Wheezing 喘鸣
Breathlessness 气短
Chest tightness 胸闷
Coughing 咳嗽
Typically at night or in the early morning
典型者于深夜或凌晨发作
支气管哮喘哮喘
III. Etiology 病因
Unknown 不明
Genetic factors? 遗传因素？
Environment factors? 环境因素？
The combination of these two?
遗传与环境因素共同作用？
支气管哮喘哮喘
IV. Risk Factors 易患因素
1. Host Factors 患者的因素
Genetic predisposition 遗传易患性
Atopy 过敏体质
Airway hyperresponsiveness 气道高反应性
Gender 性别
Children: boys > girls 儿童：男>女
Adults: male < female ***：女>男
Race/ethnicity 种族
支气管哮喘哮喘
2. Environmental Factors 环境的因素
Allergens (domestic mites, animal allergens, fungi, etc.)
过敏原（