计算机专业英语 08影印版 必备单词及翻译课件.ppt

Programming程序设计1、whatisprogramAlgorithm算法DataStructure数据结构2、programlanguage-Algorithmexpressinflowchart(流程图)3、puterscientistNiklausWirthstatedthat:Programs=Algorithms+DataStructuresAnalgorithmis:“Aneffective(有效的)procedureforsolvingaprobleminafinite(有限的)numberofsteps."Itiseffective,whichmeansthatananswerisfoundanditfinishes,-designedalgorithmwillalwaysprovideananswer,、Whatisprogram2计算机专业英语Thealgorithmcanbeexpressedinflowchart,whichhas3structrue:Sequence顺序Decision选择(alsoknownasSelection)Repetition循环(alsoknownasIterationorLooping)esinallshapesandsizes,,consideralistofthingstodo,alistofingredients成份inarecipe处方,,anizedinasimilarway:,,anizationsarelinkedlists链接表,stacks堆栈,queues队列,sets集合,hashtables哈希表,trees树,heaps堆,,abstraction抽象性,,,,。例如,考虑一些我们用来查找数据的组织方式。一种过分简单的方式是将数据放置到数组中,并用遍历的方法找到需要的元素。然而,这种方法是低效率的,因为在许多情况下,我们需要遍历所有元素才能完成。使用其他类型的数据结构,如哈希表和二叉数,我们能够相当快速地搜寻数据。5计算机专业英语Abstraction抽象化Datastructuresprovideamoreunderstandablewaytolookatdata;thus,,bystoringdatainastack,wecanfocusonthingsthatwedowithstacks,suchaspushingandpoppingelements,ratherthanthedetailsofhowtoimplement(实现),