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英语语言学笔记1.doc

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?Languageisanintegralpartofourlifeandhumanity.(details)Yetweknowlittleorevenhaveevenwrongideasaboutlanguage.·efrom?How?When?·Whyislanguagehuman-specific?·Whycanachildlearnhis/hermothertongueinashortperiodoftime?·hingbutmeananother?·Languagehasaform-meaningcorrespondence.·:·Howthebrainworks.·Howchildrenlearnlanguage.·Whypeopleusedifferentvarietiesoflanguage.·Whattheroleoflanguageisindifferentcultures,“language”:·Badlanguage:expressions·Shakespeare’slanguage:idiolect·Businesslanguage:variety·TheEnglishlanguage:abstractsystem·Astudentoflanguage:universalpropertiesofallspeech/writingsystemsDefinitionoflanguageasaresearchsubject(inageneralandabstractsense):,itmustincludedirectly,orbycloseimplication,somemainattributesoflanguageasfollows:·Languageissystematic.(ordingtorules.)·Languageisarbitrary.(Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.)·Languageisbasicallyvocal—theprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages.·.·Languageishuman-specific—birdsongsandbeedances·:Givemoresensesof“language”(Computerlanguage,bodylanguage,signlanguage)(ofspeech)heory:endowedbyGod(TheTowerofBabel)Thebow-wowtheory:imitativeofanimalcalls(mew,hiss)Thepooh-poohtheory:instinctivecriesoutofintenseemotions(interjections)Theding-dongtheory:naturalresonancewhenstruck(ding-dong,bang)Theyo-he-yotheory:rhythmicgruntswhenworkingtogether(heave,haul)Summary:Languageoriginatedfromourexperienceoftheexternalandinternalworld,,:???:nonaturalrelationshipbetweenmeaningandform.

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