(5) John Donne John Milton, John Bunyan.ppt

The Period of Revolution and Restoration (the 17th century)
Historical background
the contradictions between the feudal system and bourgeoisie
a.   Elizabeth: 1558-1603
b.  James I: 1603-1625 political and religious tyranny
c.  Charles I: 1625-1649
d.  Cromwell: 1649-monwealth protector: 1653-1658
e.   Charles II: 1660-1688 restoration
f.    James II: 1685-1688
g.  William of Orange: 1688-1702
1689年通过权利法案,确立君主立宪制
Charles I
After James I died, Charles I inherited throne (1625)
Physically weak – didn’t walk until 7 and severe speech impediment
Overcame weaknesses with hard work – sports and elocution
Like his father, believed in the Divine Right Of Kings
Married Henrietta Maria who shared beliefs and hated Puritans
Puritans – wished to “purify” the Anglican Church from any remaining traces of Roman Catholic ritual.
Also believed in Predestination – God determined who would be saved, the “elect”, and who would not –from the beginning of time.
Charles I
Puritan movement strong in South England – ran opposite the landed aristocracy in the north, who were largely Catholic.
Parliament 1625 – Charles wanted money to fund his expenses and ongoing war with Spain. He got less than he wanted, and Parliament passed measures to restrict his right to collect import and export duties and to meet annually to review government expenses.
Charles’s response – forcing “loans” to the government and collecting unapproved taxes.
1628 Parliament – Charles demands his requests for money met.
Parliament’s response – The Petition of Right – King must have Parliamentary consent to levy taxes.
Charles I
Charles orders Parliament to adjourn after it begins to enforce strictly Calvinist views and to punish Catholics. Only adjourns after the king’s troops threaten.
Several leading Parliamentarians imprisoned.
Absolute King – the next 11 years. No Parliament. New taxes without consent of the people.
Puritans angered – Puritan leaders imprisoned, tortured, and