1.(2018·北京卷)This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 解析:句意:这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并寄予最大的希望。本题考查表语从句。根据句意可知,表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语——“教会了我什么”,因此用what引导。 2.(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 解析:句意:这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。本题考查宾语从句。“________ wins the first place in the bicycle race”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,且设空处表示“任何人”,故填whoever,相当于anyone who。 3.(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. 解析:句意:坐船是到达这里的唯一方式,我们就是坐船到达这里的。考查表语从句。which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,其中设空处引导的是表语从句,结合语境和By boat可知,此处表达到达这儿的方式,所以要用how引导。 4.(2017·北京卷)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 解析:句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,且表示“无论谁 ”,故填whoever。 5.(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. 解析:句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。 6.(2017·江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge. 解析:句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元,这是其过去要价的一半。本题考查宾语从句。逗号后面是$20的同位语,charge后面缺少宾语且表示“事物”,故用what引导。 7.(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading. 解析:句意:Jane在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着,不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语成分,故用where引导。 8.(2016·北京卷)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps. 解析:句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要,你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“________ you can do”为主语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“任何事情”,故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything that)。 9.(2016·北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. 解析:句意:雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人们可以完全免受尘土的影响。本题考查表语从句。“________ one can be entirely free from dust”为表语从句,该从句中不缺少成分,意思完整,故用that引导该表语从句。 10.(2016·江苏卷)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 解析:句意:对于那些总是不放弃希望的人来说,发生任何事情都是有可能的,这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语,“________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的