可以粘贴复制版本-剑桥雅思真题-8-test1.docx

ＲEＡDING　PAＳＳAＧE 1
Ｙou　ｓhould　spenｄ　ａbout ２０　miｎuteｓ ｏn Ｑuｅstioｎs 1－１3，　which aｒｅ based　on Ｒeａding Pasｓage 1　bｅｌoｗ.
Ouｒ cｏｎceptiｏn of ｔｉｍe depeｎdｓ ｏｎ　the　ｗａｙ　wｅ　ｍeａsuｒe it
Ａ 　Ａccｏｒｄｉng to　arcｈaeoｌoｇicａｌ　ｅvidｅnｃe， ａt　lｅａst 5,0０0 ｙears agｏ, aｎｄ lｏng　befｏre ｔｈe　aｄvｅｎｔ　of　the Romａn　Eｍｐirｅ， ｔｈe Bａｂｙlｏnｉａnｓ beｇan　to measure　ｔiｍe, ｉｎtｒoduｃing　caleｎdａｒｓ ｔo co—ordinａte cｏmｍunａl acｔｉｖitｉes， tｏ ｐlan　ｔｈe ｓｈｉpmｅｎt　oｆ ｇｏodｓ ａnｄ， in ｐarｔiｃulａｒ， to reguｌａte plａｎtｉnｇ　ａnd hａrｖesｔing． Tｈｅy basｅｄ their calendaｒs　on　ｔhree nａｔural ｃｙcles：　ｔhe　ｓolａｒ dａｙ， marked ｂｙ ｔhe sｕccｅssivｅ perioｄs of ligｈt and ｄaｒｋｎesｓ aｓ ｔhe earｔh　rotａtes　on its axis； the　lｕnar ｍontｈ， fｏlloｗiｎg ｔhｅ phases oｆ the　mｏon aｓ iｔ ｏｒbits the eａrｔｈ; and　ｔｈｅ　ｓｏｌar yeａr, ｄefｉnｅd　by　the changiｎg seaｓｏnｓ thａｔ ａccompaｎｙ oｕｒ plａnｅt’s ｒevoｌｕｔioｎ　ａｒoｕnｄ tｈe sun。
Ｂ Before the ｉnvenｔｉｏn oｆ artiｆicial　light， ｔhe　ｍｏon hａd ｇｒｅaｔeｒ　sociａl impａct.　Ａnd, fｏr　ｔhose livｉｎｇ　near the ｅｑuatoｒ　in particulａr,　its ｗaｘinｇ aｎd waｎinｇ waｓ　mｏｒe ｃoｎspｉcｕous　than the　ｐaｓｓｉng　ｏf　ｔhｅ　ｓｅasｏns. Hence，　the ｃａlenｄars ｔｈat　werｅ　developed　at ｔhe loｗeｒ　ｌａtitudeｓ　weｒe influenｃｅd ｍｏrｅ bｙ thｅ luｎaｒ cyｃle tｈaｎ　ｂy ｔｈe solaｒ yeaｒ。 In more ｎorthern　ｃlｉｍes，　howｅvｅｒ， wheｒe seａｓｏnal　aｇrｉcｕltuｒｅ　ｗａs　pｒactｉｓed,　tｈｅ ｓolar year　beｃaｍe mｏｒe cruｃiaｌ．　As ｔｈe　Ｒｏｍan Empirｅ ｅxｐanｄed noｒｔhｗａrd, ｉt　oｒganｉsed　its aｃtiｖity ｃhart　ｆor the　mosｔ　paｒt aｒound　ｔhe sｏlａr yｅar。
C 　 Ｃｅｎturieｓ be