二维板材优化排样及自动切割系统的设计.doc

摘 要
二维矩形件优化排样问题普遍存在于玻璃、钢板、木材、纸张、制衣和船舶等行业中。一个好的排样方案可以节省原材料，降低生产成本，直接给企业带来经济效益，提高企业的核心竞争力。因此，开展对二维矩形件优化排样问题的研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。本文简单介绍了矩形件优化排样问题和自动切割系统，构建了一个排样效率高、计算速度快和排样效果好的一种近似算法。算法的主要思想是采用启发式搜索和背包算法，使每次排样都达到局部最优，从而得到局部最优解。本文在分析矩形件优化排样问题特点的基础上，建立了该问题的数学模型，分别介绍几种优化方法，并与本文算法进行了比较。软件设计部分结合计算机网络的大量应用，将算法应用于分布式排样系统，这里只列出二维排样的程序流程图。硬件设计部分主要设计一个简单的自动切割系统，使其能利用排样效果图和排样数据表切割，主要设计自动控制部分，完成电气控制、交流伺服单元和恒压力系统设计，并提出数据交换途径。
关键词：矩形件优化排样， 自动切割控制系统，启发式搜索， 背包算法， 分布式系统
ABSTRACT
The problem of two-dimensional optimal layout for rectangular parts widely exists in many manufacturing industries, such as glasswork, steel plate machining, lumbering, rag trade, shipbuilding and so on. A good packing scheme can not only save raw material and reduce the production cost, but also bring economic benefits for enterprises and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, research on the problem of two-dimensional optimal layout for rectangular parts is very important in theory and paper introduced the two-dimensional optimal layout program and the automatic incise system in brief, then presented a approximate algorithm which can rapidly, set up a optimal layout with high speed and satisfactory layout results. Adopting Heuristic search and Knapsack algorithm , the algorithm makes each layout optimal locally and obtained the approximate optimal solution. In this paper, the features of the problem are studied and its mathematical model is established. Then several methods are applied to solving the problem and compared with the arithmetic in this paper. The algorithm integrated with widespread of computer network was been applied to the distributed cutting stock system,just a layout flow has been list in this paper. Then present a automatic incise system use the optimal layout result, merely design a automatic control system , complete the electrocitcuit control、the operational servo and invariable pressure system , present a m