GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY：药理学的一般原则.ppt

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY l The human brain contains approximately 20 billion neurons, each of which may share up to 100,000 synapses (connections) with other neurons l Groups of neurons in the brain have specific functions. For example, some are involved with thinking, learning, and memory. Others are responsible for receiving sensory information. Still others communicate with muscles, stimulating them into action NEURON PHYSIOLOGY Each neuron has a cell body, an axon, and many dendrites l The cell body controls all of the cell's activities l The axon extends out from the cell body and transmits messages to other neurons l Dendrites also branch out from the cell body. They receive messages from the axons of other nerve cells GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY l Modulation of neuronal activity via neurotransmitters (., communication between neurotransmitters) is a fundamental mechanism of brain function l The release of neurotransmitters, their mechanisms of action and their effect on target neurons plex and still poorly understood. Mechanisms of Drug Action Drug administration can facilitate or inhibit neurotransmitter systems in the brain in several ways: l By altering the synthesis of the neurotransmitter l By interfering with the storage of the neurotransmitter l By altering the release of the neurotransmitter l By interfering with the inactivation of the neurotransmitter (by enzymes or reuptake) l By interacting with receptors Neurotransmitter Systems gultamatergic GABAergic systems cholinergic serotonergic noradrenergic dopaminergic widely distributed densely packed in circumscribed areas of brain which project to their target areas - lead to more circumscribed effects Serotonin Serotonin is linked to many brain functions due to the widespread serotonergic projections and the heterogeneity of the serotonergic receptors Examples include: l Modulation of serotonergic receptors and the reuptake site is beneficial in