南师大英语写作(学硕)复习资料.doc

写作:4、WritinganopeningparagraphAnopeningparagraphusually consistsoftwoparts:openingpartandthesisstatements、1)Functionsof anopeningparagraph:Attractreaders’interest、Presentyourthesis、2)Fiveuseful waystowriteanopeningparagraph(1)Beginwithabroad,general statementofyourtopicandnarrow itdowntoyour thesisstatement、(fromabroadtopictoyourthesis) (2)Useanincident or abriefstory、(froma briefstorytoyourthesis)(3) Startwithan idea orasituation thatisthe oppositeoftheoneyouwilldevelop、(fromanoppositeideaorsituationtoyourthesis) (4)Askoneor morequestions(fromaquestion(s)toyourthesis)(5) Useaquotation(fromaquotationtoyourthesis)5、Writingsupportingparagraphs1)Threebasesfor writingasupportingparagraph:(1)Support(adequateand specific)(论据充分性)(2) Coherence(连贯性)(a)Transitionalwords:Type1:Additionsignalsareused to umulation、Type2:TimeSignals areused toshowsequence、Type3:Spacesignalsareusedtoshowlocation、Type4:Change of directionsignalsareused to showcontrast、Type5:Illustrationsignalsare usedtoshowexamples、Type 6:Conclusionsignalsare usedtoshowconsequence、(b)Transitionalsentences(c) Other collectingwords:RepeatedwordsPronounsSynonyms(同义词)(3)Unity(一致性)(a) Makeall ofthe topicsentences inthe supporting paragraphs relatedtothethesis、(b) Makeallof themajorsupportingpoints relatedtothe topicsentencesineachsupporting paragraph、(c)Makealloftheminorsupporting pointsrelatedtothemajorsupportingpointsin eachsupportingparagraph、2)Patterns anization:(1)Timeorder(chronologicalorder)(按时间顺序排列) (2)Climacticorder (orderofimportance)(按重要性顺序排列)(3)Space order(按空间顺序排列)6、Writingan concludingparagraphFoureffectivewayswillbeintroduced(1)Endwithasummary anda finalthought、Restateyourmajorpoints raised inyourthesis,butdonotrepeat them、(2)Endwith aremendation(3) Endwitha prediction(4)Endwith athought-provoking questionor questions、7、 SentenceSkills1)Threetypes offragments:2)Run-onsentences (乱加从句得冗长句子)A run-onsentenceisastringofwordswith twosubordinateclausesthatare runtogether withoutproperpunctuation、3)Danglingmodifie