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Translationof Useful Expressions ChineseexpressionsEnglishTranslation黄河流域Yellow RiverValley文化融合,政治统一Culturalfusionand politicalunity游牧部落nomadic tribesmen疆域Territory;realm; frontier小农经济Thesmall-scalepeasant economy封建主经济Suzerain/landlord/owner-peasanteconomy自然经济形态The naturaleconomicpattern农、林、牧、副、渔Agriculture,forestation,herding,fishingandthirdindustrycooperation中原TheCentral plains重农轻商Encouragefarming,limitmerce24节气The24SolarTerms战国时期TheWarringStates period男耕女织Theman cultivatingthelandandthe woman weaving at home自给自足得自然经济Self-sufficient naturaleconomy一盘散沙Asheetofloose sand草根阶层Thegrass-rootslevel人头税The polltax水能载舟,亦能覆舟Thewaterthatcarriestheboat canalsooverturnit、多元一体Integratedpluralism吐故纳新Discardtheoldandembracethenew炎黄子孙the descendantsofYandi andHuangdi礼仪之邦The landofceremonyandpropriety大一统观念The conceptionof great nationalunity甲骨文Theinscriptions on tortoise shellsoranimalbones铭文Theinscriptionsonbronzeorcopperwares象形、指事、会意、形声(examples)Pictographs,self-explanatory,associativepounds, icmethod四书五经The FourBooks and TheFiveClassics书同文、行同伦Thestandardizedwrittenlanguage andbehaviors儒、道、佛、法家Confucianism,ClassicalTaoistthinking,Buddhism,theLegalistSchool焚书坑儒BurnbooksandburyConfucianscholars alive无为而治Togovern bydoing nothing独尊儒术、罢黜百家PaysupremetributetoConfucianismwhile banningall otherschoolsof thoughts四大发明FourGreat InventionsofAncientChina:theinventionofpapermaking technologytheart of print

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