hemicalterms?hydrocarbons;saturatedhydrocarbon;unsaturatedhydrocarbon;conjugate(conjugation);(碳氢化合物,烃,饱和?,不饱和?,共轭)TypesofReaction:substitution(alkylation,c)(取代,如烷基化,卤代);addition(加成);elimination(消去);condensation(缩合);polymerization(聚合);oxidation(氧化);reduction(还原).?degradation(降解);rearrangement(重排);replacement(置换);?pericyclicreaction(cycloadditionreaction;electrocyclicreaction;sigmatropicrearrangement)(周环反应,包括:环加成,电环化,σ-重排)Electrophile(electrophilic)(亲电试剂,亲电的);nucleophile(nucleophilic)(亲核试剂,亲核的);Carbocation(碳正离子);carbanion(碳负离子);radical(游离基,free?,自由基);intermediate(中间体);substituent(取代基);?Reactivity(反应活性);Attack(进攻);leavinggroup(离去基团);protectinggroup(保护基);catalyst(催化剂);?ic(动力学的);thermodynamic(热力学的).cis-transisomer;opticalisomer(enantiomer);(顺-反异构体,光学异构体(光学对映体))asymmetric;chiral;chirality;(不对称,手性的,手性)?racemicmixture;pound;(外消旋体,内消旋体)?stereoselectivereaction;stereospecificreation;regioselectivereaction;?sterichindrance;stericeffects;(立体阻碍(位阻),立体效应)reflux;stir;azeotrope;(回流,搅拌,恒、共沸物)?separation;filter;distillation;fraction;chromatography;(分离,过滤,蒸馏,分馏,色谱)?extraction;precipitate;recrystallization;(萃取,沉淀,重结晶)TermsrelatedtothesyntheticexperimentReducingAdapterBeakerErlenmeyer(conical)FlaskThree-NeckRound-BottomFlaskRound-BottomFlasksstopperAllihn(ball)CondenserLiebigCondenserSeparatoryFunnelDroppingFunnelsinteredglassFunnelGrahams(coil)CondenserFunnelFilteringFlasksVacuum-DistillingAdapterClaisenAdaptersPestleMortarSplash-GuardThree-WayAdaptersBuchnerfunnelsTrapCruciblesvolumetricFlasksGroundjoint;?Flask(three-necked,round-bottom,conical,filter,suction,volumetric);?Condenser(air,reflux,ball,coil);distillinghead(claisen);adaptor(vacuum);?Beaker;funnel(buchner,separatory,long-stem,stemless,dropping,sinteredglass);?Bottle(weighing,washing,dropping,gas-washing);dryingtube(tower,ator,ator);Prefix----------Parent-----------SuffixNomenclatureofparentpart-----NomenclatureofalkanesandalkylsubstituentsStraight-chainalkanesStraight-chainalkanesarenamedbycountingthenumberofcarbonatomsinthe
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