高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三：虚拟语气与情态动词.doc

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词情态动词和虚拟语气是高考重要考点,《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中列出了虚拟语气以及情态动词。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第79题(短文改错)考查了情态动词must后面接动词原形。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。(以do为例;S=主语)例如:①IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.②IfIhadthemoney,Iwouldbuyit.③IfIweregivenanotherchance,Iwoulddoitbetter.④IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadegreatprogress.⑤Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworksoeasily.⑥Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathomeallday.⑦etomorrow,:在书面语中,条件从句可以不用连词if,而将谓语中的were,had或should等移至主语之前构成倒装句。例如:①WereIyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.②HadItakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadegreatprogress.③Shoulditraintomorrow,、错综时间的条件句虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致,这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。例如:①Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVyesterday,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.(从句yesterday说明过去,主句now说明现在)②Iftheyhadlefthomeearlythismorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.(从句说明过去,主句说明将来。)③Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinthefuture.(从句说明现在,主句说明将来)三、含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句有三种情况::常见介词有with假如有,without假如没有,butfor要不是因为;连词有or/otherwise(前句用陈述语气,后句用虚拟);but(前句为虚拟,后句陈述)例如:①Hewouldnotgetsucharesultwithoutyourhelp.(条件暗含在介词短语withoutyourhelp=ifyouhadn’thelpedhim中)②Butforyou,Icouldnotberecoveredsosoon.(条件暗含在Butforyou=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme中)③Hemusthavebeenthere,orhenevercouldknowtheplacesowell.(暗含条件是连词or;后句为虚拟)④Iwouldhavebeentoyourplace,butIwasreallytoobusy.=Iwasreallytoobusy,or/otherwiseIwouldhavebeentoyourplace.⑤Shewasill,otherwiseshewouldhavebeenpresentatthemeeting.(条件通过连词otherwise/or表示出来Ifshehadnotbeenill...)①Theycouldhavewon.(条件可能是iftheyhadbeenpatient)②Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.(条件可能是ifyouhadbeenmorecareful)③Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutitIshouldhavehelpedyou.(条件可能是ifyouhadtoldmeaboutit)④--Didyougotoseehimyesterday?--Iwouldhave,etovisitme.(etovisitme)①Supposeyouwereinmyshoes,whatwouldyoudo?(用suppose/supposing/providing等词表示if)②Totalkwithher,youwouldknowshecouldnothearwell.(不定式有假设的意思