外研版初二英语下短语知识点集.doc

MODULE1
五种简单句歌决
英语简单句,五种结构型,缩简句子后,结构自分明,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,则是间宾加直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词to,for记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完整,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。
1、主语+不及物动词(SV)不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完整。
2、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)
系动词:be ,look,seem ,e,feel ,get ,turn ,grow,smell,taste ,keep, sound
3、主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)直接宾语在前,加for或to连接间接宾语。Give,show ,send,bring ,pass, lend ,leave ,hand ,teel ,return,
promise ,refuse,throw 用to ,make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing,pay用for .
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
there be 句型。
tidy up 收拾, fan扇,fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风,
fan the flame煽动情绪, a movie fan , 影迷,
un反义前缀,tidy-untidy,happy-fortable-fortable
at least至少, 祈使句,肯定以动词原形开头,反问用will you ?/won’t you?,否定用Don’t +动词原形,反问用will you ?,Let’s …用shall we?
take up占据,代词放中间, take away拿走,
take sth. back,收回某物 take ….to …把…带到….
take off脱下, place发生,
take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语时可互换
a bit of =a little,有点儿,修饰名词 on time按时,
in time及时, from time to time有时,
a long time很长时间, for the first time首次,
have a good time ,玩得高兴
be/get /e interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生兴趣
指人的不定代词somebody/someone,everybody/everyone ,anybody/anyone,
nobody/no one 指物的不定代词,anything,something,everything,nothing
play the violin ;弹奏乐器,play +the+乐器, 球类,play+球,
世上独一无二的加the ,前面出现过的用the ,
make+宾语+宾语补足语(使..处于某种状态,地位)make ,
后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear,listen to,
三让have let make,四看see,look at ,watch ,notice,半帮助help,
make =make sth for , make money赚钱,
make a living谋生, make trouble引起麻烦,
make friends with , make war 开战,
make a fire生火, make a face做鬼脸,
make ..from用..制成(用被动) make …of用..制成(用被动)
make fun of 取笑,与…开玩笑, make room for 为…让地方,
make up 编造, make up one’s mind 决心,拿定主意,
现在完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对现在造成的影响和结果,或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already,yet ,ever ,never,just ,before, for + some time ,since,
at the end of 在…尽头,在…末尾,(时间,位置) by the end of =not later than
by the end of 到…末为止,+过去时间,用于过去完成时
by the end of+现在时间,用于现在完成时, in the end =at last =finally,最后
end(动词) up with以…结束, come to an end 告