虚拟语气.ppt

Subjunctive mood
虚拟语气
虚拟语气概念
动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等.
用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况. 不太顾及事实的存在,它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多
Examples:
You have so many chances. If I were you, I would try to go to the university.
I wish I could fly to the moon now.
The officer ordered that the army should advance 100 miles.
My aunt said to me “ I love you as if you were my son.”
虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
表示对将来的假想
过去式
would (could ,should ,
might)+ 原形动词
had done
would (could ,should ,
might)+have done
一般过去时
were+ to do sth
should+ 动词原形
should (would)
+ 动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
They are not here, so they don’t help you .
If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.
Not everyone in the country knows the first aid, so many lives will not be saved.
If he e yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
He did e yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
If you eeded, everything would be all right.
If you should eed, everything would be all right.
If you were to eed, everything would be all right
You will not eed, so everything will not be all right.
混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
If they were here now, they could help us.
Were they here now, they could help us.
If you e earlier, you would have met him.
Had e earlier, you would have met him
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.